Question
Name: __________________________________________________________________
Unit 8 Portfolio on Electrical Forces
In this portfolio you will create an investigation using the bulk properties (boiling point, melting point or viscosity) of a substance to demonstrate intermolecular electrical forces of substances. As you plan and conduct your investigation, think about ways to eliminate sources of error in the experimental process you chose to create.
PORTFOLIO DAY 1
Check-In & Practice Questions
1) In general, are electrical forces between molecules stronger in a gas, a liquid or a solid?
2) Suppose you have two different solids at room temperature. How might you be able to compare the strength of the electrical forces holding the molecules in each together?
OBSERVING THE MACRO TO INFER THE MICRO
How can the different bulk properties be used to infer the electrical forces of a substance?
Check-In & Practice Questions
Does higher viscosity indicate stronger or weaker electrical forces between molecules in a substance?
Why is it important to do multiple trials in an investigation?
PORTFOLIO DAY 2
Here is a video example of measuring surface tension of different liquids.
Complete your experiment (or watch the video) and fill in the second document on the intro page at this time.
Check-In & Practice Questions
Think of the investigation and experiment that you just conducted. What types of errors did you find? How did you reduce the errors?
ERROR TYPE
HOW THE ERROR IS REDUCED
SYSTEMATIC ERROR
RANDOM ERROR
HUMAN ERROR
PORTFOLIO DAY 3
Evaluate and Conclude
The final part of any scientific investigation has you interpret your results, assess their validity and draw conclusions. Scientists will write a paper on their findings and have their processes checked with other scientists in a process called peer review. Once the paper is published, it must have duplicatable results.
Check-In & Practice Questions
What is peer review?
Why must experimental results be repeatable?
Look at your experimental investigation and answer the following questions:
Which substance had the strongest electrical forces between molecules? How can you conclude this from your data? (Need help?
How good do you think your data is and why?
What would you do differently if you could do this experiment again? Why?
Unit 8 Portfolio on Electrical Forces
In this portfolio you will create an investigation using the bulk properties (boiling point, melting point or viscosity) of a substance to demonstrate intermolecular electrical forces of substances. As you plan and conduct your investigation, think about ways to eliminate sources of error in the experimental process you chose to create.
PORTFOLIO DAY 1
Check-In & Practice Questions
1) In general, are electrical forces between molecules stronger in a gas, a liquid or a solid?
2) Suppose you have two different solids at room temperature. How might you be able to compare the strength of the electrical forces holding the molecules in each together?
OBSERVING THE MACRO TO INFER THE MICRO
How can the different bulk properties be used to infer the electrical forces of a substance?
Check-In & Practice Questions
Does higher viscosity indicate stronger or weaker electrical forces between molecules in a substance?
Why is it important to do multiple trials in an investigation?
PORTFOLIO DAY 2
Here is a video example of measuring surface tension of different liquids.
Complete your experiment (or watch the video) and fill in the second document on the intro page at this time.
Check-In & Practice Questions
Think of the investigation and experiment that you just conducted. What types of errors did you find? How did you reduce the errors?
ERROR TYPE
HOW THE ERROR IS REDUCED
SYSTEMATIC ERROR
RANDOM ERROR
HUMAN ERROR
PORTFOLIO DAY 3
Evaluate and Conclude
The final part of any scientific investigation has you interpret your results, assess their validity and draw conclusions. Scientists will write a paper on their findings and have their processes checked with other scientists in a process called peer review. Once the paper is published, it must have duplicatable results.
Check-In & Practice Questions
What is peer review?
Why must experimental results be repeatable?
Look at your experimental investigation and answer the following questions:
Which substance had the strongest electrical forces between molecules? How can you conclude this from your data? (Need help?
How good do you think your data is and why?
What would you do differently if you could do this experiment again? Why?
Answers
GPT-4o mini
# Unit 8 Portfolio on Electrical Forces
Name: __________________________________________________________________
---
## PORTFOLIO DAY 1
### Check-In & Practice Questions
1. **In general, are electrical forces between molecules stronger in a gas, a liquid or a solid?**
Electrical forces between molecules are generally strongest in a solid. This is because molecules in solids are closely packed together, allowing stronger intermolecular forces to act. In liquids, the molecules are still close but have more movement, leading to weaker forces than in solids. In gases, molecules are far apart, resulting in very weak intermolecular forces.
2. **Suppose you have two different solids at room temperature. How might you be able to compare the strength of the electrical forces holding the molecules in each together?**
One could compare their melting points and boiling points. A solid with a higher melting point generally has stronger intermolecular forces, as a greater amount of energy is required to disrupt the interactions holding the molecules in place.
### OBSERVING THE MACRO TO INFER THE MICRO
**How can the different bulk properties be used to infer the electrical forces of a substance?**
Bulk properties such as boiling point, melting point, viscosity, and surface tension reflect the strength of intermolecular forces. For instance, a higher boiling point indicates stronger intermolecular forces, as more energy is needed to change the substance from liquid to gas. Similarly, higher viscosity suggests stronger intermolecular interactions, as the molecules cannot flow past each other as easily.
---
### Check-In & Practice Questions
**Does higher viscosity indicate stronger or weaker electrical forces between molecules in a substance?**
Higher viscosity indicates stronger electrical forces between molecules. This is because the stronger forces restrict the movement of molecules, making it more difficult for them to flow.
**Why is it important to do multiple trials in an investigation?**
Multiple trials are essential to ensure the reliability and accuracy of the data collected. Replicating the experiment helps to account for random errors and variability, allowing for a more precise and valid conclusion.
---
## PORTFOLIO DAY 2
### Check-In & Practice Questions
**Think of the investigation and experiment that you just conducted. What types of errors did you find? How did you reduce the errors?**
| ERROR TYPE | HOW THE ERROR IS REDUCED |
|--------------------|----------------------------------------------------------|
| SYSTEMATIC ERROR | Calibrated measuring instruments before use. |
| RANDOM ERROR | Conducted multiple trials and took the average of results.|
| HUMAN ERROR | Used a standardized procedure and checklists for measurements. |
---
## PORTFOLIO DAY 3
### Evaluate and Conclude
**Check-In & Practice Questions**
**What is peer review?**
Peer review is the process where scientists evaluate each other's work before it is published to ensure the validity, accuracy, and quality of the research. It encourages scrutiny and validation of methods and findings.
**Why must experimental results be repeatable?**
Experimental results must be repeatable to confirm the findings and establish credibility in the scientific community. Repeatable results indicate that the experiment is reliable and that the conclusions drawn are not due to chance or errors.
**Look at your experimental investigation and answer the following questions:**
1. **Which substance had the strongest electrical forces between molecules? How can you conclude this from your data?**
The substance with the highest boiling point or melting point demonstrated the strongest electrical forces between its molecules. This conclusion is drawn from the observation that higher energy was required to change its state.
2. **How good do you think your data is and why?**
The data appears strong due to consistent results across multiple trials with low variability. However, there is always a need to consider potential errors and the limitations of the measuring instruments.
3. **What would you do differently if you could do this experiment again? Why?**
If possible, I would increase the number of trials and use more precise instruments for measuring temperature and viscosity. This would enhance the accuracy and reliability of the results, allowing for a more thorough comparison between the substances.
Name: __________________________________________________________________
---
## PORTFOLIO DAY 1
### Check-In & Practice Questions
1. **In general, are electrical forces between molecules stronger in a gas, a liquid or a solid?**
Electrical forces between molecules are generally strongest in a solid. This is because molecules in solids are closely packed together, allowing stronger intermolecular forces to act. In liquids, the molecules are still close but have more movement, leading to weaker forces than in solids. In gases, molecules are far apart, resulting in very weak intermolecular forces.
2. **Suppose you have two different solids at room temperature. How might you be able to compare the strength of the electrical forces holding the molecules in each together?**
One could compare their melting points and boiling points. A solid with a higher melting point generally has stronger intermolecular forces, as a greater amount of energy is required to disrupt the interactions holding the molecules in place.
### OBSERVING THE MACRO TO INFER THE MICRO
**How can the different bulk properties be used to infer the electrical forces of a substance?**
Bulk properties such as boiling point, melting point, viscosity, and surface tension reflect the strength of intermolecular forces. For instance, a higher boiling point indicates stronger intermolecular forces, as more energy is needed to change the substance from liquid to gas. Similarly, higher viscosity suggests stronger intermolecular interactions, as the molecules cannot flow past each other as easily.
---
### Check-In & Practice Questions
**Does higher viscosity indicate stronger or weaker electrical forces between molecules in a substance?**
Higher viscosity indicates stronger electrical forces between molecules. This is because the stronger forces restrict the movement of molecules, making it more difficult for them to flow.
**Why is it important to do multiple trials in an investigation?**
Multiple trials are essential to ensure the reliability and accuracy of the data collected. Replicating the experiment helps to account for random errors and variability, allowing for a more precise and valid conclusion.
---
## PORTFOLIO DAY 2
### Check-In & Practice Questions
**Think of the investigation and experiment that you just conducted. What types of errors did you find? How did you reduce the errors?**
| ERROR TYPE | HOW THE ERROR IS REDUCED |
|--------------------|----------------------------------------------------------|
| SYSTEMATIC ERROR | Calibrated measuring instruments before use. |
| RANDOM ERROR | Conducted multiple trials and took the average of results.|
| HUMAN ERROR | Used a standardized procedure and checklists for measurements. |
---
## PORTFOLIO DAY 3
### Evaluate and Conclude
**Check-In & Practice Questions**
**What is peer review?**
Peer review is the process where scientists evaluate each other's work before it is published to ensure the validity, accuracy, and quality of the research. It encourages scrutiny and validation of methods and findings.
**Why must experimental results be repeatable?**
Experimental results must be repeatable to confirm the findings and establish credibility in the scientific community. Repeatable results indicate that the experiment is reliable and that the conclusions drawn are not due to chance or errors.
**Look at your experimental investigation and answer the following questions:**
1. **Which substance had the strongest electrical forces between molecules? How can you conclude this from your data?**
The substance with the highest boiling point or melting point demonstrated the strongest electrical forces between its molecules. This conclusion is drawn from the observation that higher energy was required to change its state.
2. **How good do you think your data is and why?**
The data appears strong due to consistent results across multiple trials with low variability. However, there is always a need to consider potential errors and the limitations of the measuring instruments.
3. **What would you do differently if you could do this experiment again? Why?**
If possible, I would increase the number of trials and use more precise instruments for measuring temperature and viscosity. This would enhance the accuracy and reliability of the results, allowing for a more thorough comparison between the substances.