Question

Which of the following are density-independent limiting factors? Select all that apply.

Extreme weather

Competition

Natural disasters

Predation

Answer 1

Density-independent limiting factors are those that affect population sizes regardless of the population density. From the options provided, the following are density-independent limiting factors:

- **Extreme weather**
- **Natural disasters**

**Competition** and **predation** are considered density-dependent factors, as their effects on population size are influenced by the density of the population.