Which examples below are considered density independent because population density (crowding) does not affect them . Choose ALL THAT APPLY!

natural disasters like floods & tornados

predation

disease

weather

pollution

parasitism

competition

1 answer

Density-independent factors are those that affect a population's size regardless of its density. Based on the examples you provided, the following are considered density-independent:

  1. Natural disasters like floods & tornadoes
  2. Weather
  3. Pollution

The other factors listed (predation, disease, parasitism, and competition) are typically density-dependent because their effects can vary with population density.