To find the force applied to the baseball, we can use Newton's second law of motion, which states:
\[ F = m \cdot a \]
where:
- \( F \) is the force,
- \( m \) is the mass,
- \( a \) is the acceleration.
First, we need to convert the mass of the baseball from grams to kilograms, since the standard unit of mass in the metric system is kilograms.
\[ m = 145 , \text{g} = 0.145 , \text{kg} \]
Now we can use the given acceleration \( a = 80 , \text{m/s}^2 \):
\[ F = 0.145 , \text{kg} \cdot 80 , \text{m/s}^2 \]
Now we can do the calculation:
\[ F = 0.145 \cdot 80 = 11.6 , \text{N} \]
Therefore, the force applied to the baseball by the pitcher is 11.6 N.