The bubbles observed on the surface of the aquatic plant's leaves were likely caused by the process of photosynthesis, which produces oxygen as a byproduct. For photosynthesis to occur effectively, aquatic plants need carbon dioxide (CO₂), which they can absorb from the water.
Since the scientist observed bubbles on Days 1 and 2 but not on Day 3, this suggests that there might have been a depletion of carbon dioxide in the water due to photosynthesis. Therefore, adding d. carbon dioxide would help the plants resume photosynthesis and potentially lead to the reappearance of bubbles.