To promote photosynthesis and encourage the reappearance of bubbles on the plant's leaves, the scientist should add carbon dioxide to the water.
Photosynthesis in aquatic plants requires carbon dioxide, water, and light. The bubbles observed on the leaves were likely oxygen, which is a byproduct of photosynthesis. If there is insufficient carbon dioxide available in the water, the rate of photosynthesis will decrease, resulting in fewer or no bubbles. By adding carbon dioxide, the scientist can enhance the photosynthetic process, leading to the production of more oxygen bubbles.