To determine how many times \( 5 \cdot 10^6 \) is larger than \( 5 \cdot 10^4 \), you can divide the two numbers:
\[ \frac{5 \cdot 10^6}{5 \cdot 10^4} \]
The \( 5 \) in the numerator and denominator cancels out:
\[ \frac{10^6}{10^4} \]
Using the rule of exponents \( \frac{a^m}{a^n} = a^{m-n} \):
\[ 10^{6-4} = 10^2 \]
Now, calculate \( 10^2 \):
\[ 10^2 = 100 \]
Thus, \( 5 \cdot 10^6 \) is 100 times as large as \( 5 \cdot 10^4 \).