How does the use of figurative language in the walrus and the carpenter contribute to the poems overall theme

In Lewis Carroll's poem "The Walrus and the Carpenter," figurative language plays a significant role in developing the poem's themes, which include the nature of deception, the loss of innocence, and the duality of friendly appearances versus malicious intentions.

1. **Personification**: The walrus and the carpenter are anthropomorphized characters that embody both charm and ulterior motives. Their friendly demeanor and eloquent speech create an initial sense of trust, which is ultimately contrasted with their exploitative actions toward the oysters. This personification highlights the theme of deception; appearances can be misleading, and those who seem friendly may have selfish interests.

2. **Imagery**: Vivid imagery is used throughout the poem to create a whimsical yet sinister atmosphere. Descriptive elements associated with the walrus and the carpenter's feast invoke feelings of temptation and indulgence, drawing the reader in with their playful nature. However, the imagery becomes darker as the fate of the oysters is revealed, emphasizing the loss of innocence and the consequences of naivety.

3. **Symbolism**: The oysters symbolize innocence and vulnerability, representing those who are easily led astray by charismatic figures. The walrus and the carpenter’s actions serve as a metaphor for betrayal and exploitation, underscoring the idea that the innocent can be preyed upon by those who appear benevolent.

4. **Irony**: The poem uses irony to enhance its themes. The cheerful tone and playful language contrast sharply with the poem's darker undertones. The reader is led to expect a lighthearted tale, only to find that the story reflects deeper moral lessons about trust and betrayal.

5. **Alliteration and Rhythm**: The playful language, rhythmic patterns, and use of alliteration create a musical quality that draws readers in. This helps to establish a sense of whimsy and nostalgia, which further emphasizes the jarring realization of the underlying themes of exploitation and the predatory nature of those in power.

Overall, the figurative language in "The Walrus and the Carpenter" intricately weaves together themes of deception, innocence, and the duality of appearance versus reality, making the poem not only entertaining but also thought-provoking. Through its rich use of metaphors, imagery, and irony, Carroll invites readers to reflect on the complexities of trust and the darker aspects of human nature.