in 3-5 sentences compare the motivations for territorial expansion between the roman empire under trajan and the byzantine empire under justinian i

The Roman Empire under Trajan (98-117 AD) was motivated by a blend of military conquest, economic gain, and a desire for glory, as Trajan sought to expand Rome’s borders to secure resources and establish Rome as a dominant power in the Mediterranean and beyond. This expansion was also fueled by a sense of civic duty to spread Roman civilization and governance. In contrast, the Byzantine Empire under Justinian I (527-565 AD) was driven largely by a desire to restore the former glory of the Roman Empire and reclaim lost territories, an ambition rooted in a combination of cultural heritage and religious unity. Justinian's expansionist efforts were often justified by the need to restore order, promote Christianity, and consolidate imperial control over fragmented regions.