The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) is a United States cybersecurity law that protects against various forms of computer-related misconduct. Specifically, it prohibits and provides legal recourse for:
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Unauthorized Access: Gaining access to a computer system or network without permission, often referred to as "hacking." This includes bypassing security measures to access data that one is not authorized to view.
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Exceeding Authorized Access: Accessing information on a computer system beyond the permissions granted to the user. For example, an employee accessing confidential files that they are not permitted to see.
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Intent to Defraud: Engaging in activities such as identity theft, phishing, or other fraudulent schemes that use a computer or the internet to deceive others for financial gain.
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Malware and Other Malicious Software: Distributing or using malicious software with the intent to cause harm or to exploit computer resources, such as deploying viruses, worms, or ransomware.
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Computer-related Offenses: Acts that cause harm to computer systems, networks, or data, including distributing denial-of-service attacks or accessing protected information contained in databases without permission.
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Interference with Government Operations: Targeting government systems with unauthorized access or damage, which could threaten national security or government operations.
The CFAA is aimed at providing legal protections and remedies for victims of computer-related crimes, thus helping to deter unauthorized use of computers and protecting sensitive information.