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Physiological consequences of low estrogen levels include

Multiple select question.

reduced bone mass.

reduced muscle mass.

menstrual disturbances.

reduced cardiovascular strength.

1 answer

The physiological consequences of low estrogen levels include:

  • Reduced bone mass: Low estrogen levels can lead to decreased bone density, increasing the risk of osteoporosis and fractures.

  • Reduced muscle mass: Estrogen plays a role in maintaining muscle mass, and lower levels can contribute to muscle loss.

  • Menstrual disturbances: Low estrogen levels can disrupt the menstrual cycle, leading to irregular periods or amenorrhea.

  • Reduced cardiovascular strength: Estrogen is thought to have a protective effect on cardiovascular health, and lower levels may be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

Therefore, all of the options listed can be considered physiological consequences of low estrogen levels.