1. Thoracic vertebrae are the twelve vertebrae of the mid-back region of the spinal column.
2. They are larger than the cervical vertebrae but smaller than the lumbar vertebrae.
3. Thoracic vertebrae have a heart-shaped body with a downward-pointing spinous process.
4. They are unique in that they articulate with a pair of ribs on each side, forming the rib cage.
5. The costal facets on the body and transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae provide attachment points for the ribs.
6. The thoracic vertebrae are responsible for supporting the upper body, protecting the spinal cord, and providing attachment sites for muscles and ligaments.
7. They are less mobile than the cervical vertebrae, due to the presence of the ribs, but still allow for some rotation and flexion movements.
8. Thoracic vertebrae also play a role in providing stability and support for the thoracic cage, which protects vital organs such as the heart and lungs.
Features of thoracic vertebrae
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