Q1: The answer can be found by analyzing the characteristics of each government type described in the chart. Oligarchies and monarchies had a ruling class or a single ruler who presided over the people and made decisions, while democracies relied entirely on the people. Therefore, the correct answer is: Oligarchies and monarchies had a ruling class that presided over the people while democracies relied entirely on the people.
Q2: To answer this question, you need to have some knowledge of ancient Greek culture. The correct answer can be deduced by eliminating the incorrect options. Ancient Greeks did not practice monotheistic beliefs, nor did they have a single written holy text. However, they did believe that the gods interacted with everyday life, therefore the correct answer is: the belief that the gods interact with everyday life.
Q3: To answer this question, you need to know which literary works were created during the Archaic period. The Archaic period in ancient Greece lasted roughly from the 8th century BCE to the 6th century BCE. Among the given options, "The Iliad" was created during this period.
Q4: You can answer this question by analyzing the options and identifying which event caused the Greeks to unify in defense of their culture and way of life. The correct answer is: the threat of the Persian Empire conquering Greece.
Q5: The example that best explains the most crucial element of each civilization can be deduced by analyzing the characteristics of each civilization described in the chart. The correct answer is: The Roman Republic’s senate and assemblies were crucial for decision making. The Inca Empire’s administrators helped the king keep order and law in different territories. The Mayan civilization had city-states that were less centralized than either the Republic or Inca Empire.
Q6: To answer this question, you need to know the political party with which Julius Caesar was affiliated. Among the given options, the correct answer is: the Populares.
Q7: To answer this question, you need to arrange the events in the correct chronological order. The correct order is as follows:
1. Plebeian tribune Tiberius Gracchus assassinated
2. Plebeian tribune Gaius Gracchus assassinated
3. Sulla marches on Rome, deposes Marius
4. First Triumvirate of Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus established
5. Octavian succeeds Caesar and forms the Second Triumvirate
6. Caesar officially declares war on Rome proper by marching troops over Rubicon
7. Ides of March, Caesar is assassinated, the Roman Republic finally falls
8. Octavian’s victory at the Battle of Actium over Mark Antony, marking the start of the Roman Empire
9. Beginning of the Pax Romana—prosperity for Rome
10. End of the Pax Romana
Q8: To answer this question, you need to understand the impact of the spread of Christianity on Roman society. The correct answer is: Christianity became the new major religion of the empire.
Q9: To answer this question, you need to know the event that led to Emperor Nero persecuting the Christians. Among the given options, the correct answer is: the Great Fire of Rome.
Q10: To answer this question, you need to understand the role of Constantine in the spread of Christianity throughout the empire. The correct answer is: Constantine declared Christianity legal, and it quickly spread throughout the land as Christians were free to worship and were given important leadership positions.
Q11: To answer this question, you need to identify the political cause of the East-West Schism. The correct answer is: disputes over the leadership of the Christian Church.
Q12: To answer this question, you need to understand the significance of Justinian's Code in the regulation of the Byzantine Empire. The correct answer is: Justinian’s Code codified Roman law and allowed Justinian to have greater control of his empire.