From which position were Christians and Jews excluded in the Islamic empires?

Answer 1

Christians and Jews were excluded from holding high positions in the Islamic empires, particularly in the government and military. They were often subjected to second-class status and faced various forms of discrimination and restrictions on their rights and privileges. However, Christians and Jews were allowed to practice their respective religions within their communities, and they were generally protected under the Islamic law known as the dhimmi system. This system provided some level of toleration and protection for non-Muslim communities, but it also imposed certain limitations and social restrictions on them. Overall, while Christians and Jews were excluded from the highest positions of power, they were not completely excluded from society and were able to maintain their religious identities within Islamic empires.