From which position were Christians and Jews excluded in the Islamic empires?

Question

1. Soldiers
2. Administrators
3. Judges
4. Teachers

Answer 1

In various Islamic empires, Christians and Jews were generally excluded from certain positions, particularly that of Judges (option 3). While they could hold some administrative roles or positions as soldiers in certain contexts, judges, who were responsible for interpreting and applying Islamic law, were typically required to be Muslim. This exclusion stemmed from the need to uphold Islamic legal principles and governance within a Shari'ah framework.