Asked by Anonymous


10. An absolute pathname to an object in the directory tree always starts with a slash and never changes, regardless where in the tree you are located.
a) True
b) False

11. To save all your history to a file called hisToday, overwriting, if one already exists:
a) history > hisToday
b) History hisToday
c) History > histoday
d) history >> hisToday
e) Cat History > hisToday
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Which of the following best summarizes how the environment impacted growth of the maya?

A. The Maya had to adapt to living in high elevations with thin oxygen.

B. The Maya had to learn farming techniques to clear the dense rain forest.

C. The Maya had to build causeways and canals to adapt to living on an island.

D. The Maya had to expand their territory to find suitable farm land.
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How were Incan commoners grouped within their social class?

A. by gender and age
B. by family rank
C. by wealth and status
D. by religious worship
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Which of the following is an example of Aztec art?

A. huge, carved stone heads
B. intricate, carved hieroglyphs
C. elaborate feather headdresses
D. richly colored textiles
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Which of the following statements describes the Mayan writing system?

A. The Mayan writing system was more advanced than Eurasian cultures.

B. The Mayan writing system was the most evolved in the Americas.

C. The Mayan writing system, and all evidence of it, was destroyed by the Spanish.


D. The Mayan writing system is still widely used in Central America today.
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Which of the following statements best describes the Mississippians?

A. The Mississippians developed a complex culture and lived in large communities.

B. The Mississippians lived in the Northwest and hunted and gathered for survival.

C. The Mississippians developed a complex culture and lived in the Southwest.

D. The Mississippians were a nomadic tribe that lived in the Great Plains.

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Which of the following farming methods helped the Inca farm the hillsides?

A. slash-and-burn

B. crop rotation

C. irrigation canals

D. dam construction
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What material did the people of the North American Southwest tribes use to build their homes?

A. bison hide

B. thatched straw

C. young trees

D. dried mud


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The majority of Aztecs belonged to what social class?

A. nobles

B. commoners

C. slaves

D. priests

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Why did the Aztecs engage in human sacrifice?

A. to punish people who broke the law

B. to keep their chief god strong

C. to determine who would be the next emperor

D. to punish their enemies who also engaged in human sacrifice
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According to their religion, the Maya believed that


A. Kings and priests could communicate with the gods.

B. Their kings should be worshipped as living gods.

C. Priests and nobles should not mix together.

D. Human sacrifice was forbidden by the gods.
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The building and use of observatories allowed the Maya to develop.


A. Complex calendars.

B. Hieroglyphic writing.

C. Slash-and-burn agriculture.

D. Stone pyramids and temples.
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Look at the diagram about Incan civilization.
A cause-and-effect diagram about the Incan civilization is shown. The cause side includes well-organized society, system of roads, powerful army. The effect side shows a question mark.

Which statement identifies a major effect of the causes shown in the
diagram?

A. conquest of Central America

B. unification of the empire

C. rise of first Andean cultures

D. devastating civil wars
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What was the mita system?

A. a practice of paying taxes through labor

B. a method of record keeping

C. a network of royal messengers

D. a rigid social hierarchy

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What archaeological evidence taught scholars about the culture of the Mississippians?

A. housing complexes built into the side of cliffs

B. kayaks designed to hunt animals over long distances

C. large earthen mounds built for religious purposes

D. totem poles decorated with animal symbols
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Which of the following statements best describes Mayan cities?

A. They were built on islands in lakes.

B. They grew up mainly in the highlands.

C. They had relatively few buildings.

D. They had pyramids and palaces in their centers.

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How were the religion and the government of the Maya connected?
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How did the Aztecs apply their engineering skills to the challenges of living on an island?

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How did the environment influence the cultures of the Northwest and Southwest?

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What methods did the Incas use to unify their large empire?
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What was the Ancestral Puebloan's most notable achievement?

A. cliff dwellings

B. Southwestern design

C. canoe building

D. igloo building
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What is a tradition of Pacific Northwest indigenous people that still survives today?

A. bison hunts

B. canoe journeys

C. igloo building

D. sandstone designs
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What is an Inuit religious belief?

A. divination

B. human sacrifice

C. animism

D. sun worship
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d) history >> hisToday
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B. The Maya had to learn farming techniques to clear the dense rain forest.
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C. by wealth and status
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C. elaborate feather headdresses
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B. The Mayan writing system was the most evolved in the Americas.
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A. The Mississippians developed a complex culture and lived in large communities.
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C. irrigation canals
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D. dried mud
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B. commoners
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B. to keep their chief god strong
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A. Kings and priests could communicate with the gods.
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A. Complex calendars.
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B. unification of the empire
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A. a practice of paying taxes through labor
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C. large earthen mounds built for religious purposes
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D. They had pyramids and palaces in their centers.
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The government of the Maya was closely intertwined with their religion. The king acted as both the political leader and a religious leader, and rulers were expected to communicate with the gods and perform religious ceremonies to ensure the well-being of their people. In return, the gods were believed to bless the king and help keep order in society. Religious temples and pyramids were often located in the centers of cities, emphasizing the central role of religion in Mayan culture.
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The Aztecs applied their engineering skills to the challenges of living on an island in several ways. They constructed chinampas, which were artificial islands made by filling rafts with soil and plants and anchoring them in shallow waters. The chinampas were then connected to one another by canals, allowing for easy transportation and irrigation. The Aztecs also built causeways to connect their island capital city of Tenochtitlan to the mainland, allowing for communication and commerce with neighboring communities. Additionally, they constructed aqueducts and drainage systems to manage water supply and prevent flooding on the island.
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The environment had a significant influence on the cultures of the Northwest and Southwest Native American groups. In the Northwest, the abundance of forests and marine resources made fishing and hunting game an integral part of daily life. The longhouses and totem poles made with wood, and the elaborate clothing and baskets made using animal hides and weaving techniques reflected the available resources of the environment. In contrast, in the Southwest, the arid climate and desert landscape influenced people to rely on farming and trade, as well as settle near water sources such as rivers and irrigation canals. The cliff dwellings and pueblos made of dried mud and adobe bricks reflected the scarcity of building materials in a desert environment. The Ancestral Puebloans also developed underground kivas for religious and ceremonial purposes, which reflected their relationship with the environment, particularly their dependence on water sources for survival.
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The Incas used several methods to unify their large empire, which stretched along the Andes mountains for thousands of miles. They developed an extensive communications system that utilized runners, messengers, and chasquis (trained runners) who could convey vital information over long distances in a relatively short amount of time using relays. This facilitated the flow of goods, people, and information throughout the empire. The Incas also implemented a system of forced labor, known as the mita, which required each community to contribute a certain number of laborers to work on state projects, such as constructing roads, buildings, and irrigation canals. This not only helped the empire in its building projects but also helped foster a sense of shared responsibility among the people. The state also regulated and organized agricultural production, so as to ensure everyone had access to food. Additionally, the Incas developed a centralized government, led by an emperor, who had vast power and control over policy-making, administration, and taxation throughout the empire. The use of the Quechua language as a common tongue also facilitated communication and interchange among disparate groups. All these methods contributed to the unification of the empire.
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A. cliff dwellings
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B. canoe journeys
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C. animism