1) The forces that maintain a transportation stream in plants are cohesion, adhesion, and tension.
2) Four environmental factors affecting the rate of transpiration are temperature, humidity, wind speed, and light intensity. Four structural factors affecting the rate of transpiration are stomatal density, stomatal size, cuticle thickness, and presence of trichomes.
3) a) The strengthening tissue in the cell wall is cellulose.
b) The strengthening tissue in xylem vessels is lignin.
c) The strengthening tissue in tracheids is lignin.
4) a) The pith functions as a storage tissue, storing water and nutrients.
b) The cambium is responsible for secondary growth in plants, producing new xylem and phloem cells.
c) The cortex is a region in the stem or root that functions in nutrient storage and support.
5) a) The hormone responsible for leaf fall is abscisic acid (ABA) or ethylene.
b) The hormone responsible for parthenocarpy is auxin.
c) The hormone responsible for apical dominance is auxin.
d) The hormone responsible for breaking seed dormancy is gibberellin.
6) Three ways of naturally breaking seed dormancy are scarification (physical damage to the seed coat), stratification (exposure to cold temperatures), and ingestion by animals which may expose the seed to digestion conditions.
7) Five causes of seed dormancy are the presence of hard seed coats, chemical inhibitors, embryo dormancy, dormant embryos that need specific environmental cues to germinate, and physiological dormancy.
8) Five ways of breaking seed dormancy are scarification (mechanical or chemical treatment to weaken the seed coat), stratification (exposing seeds to cold temperatures), soaking in water or acid, exposure to smoke or fire, and exposure to light.
9) Seed dormancy is important for the survival and dispersal of plants. It allows seeds to delay germination until optimal conditions are present, preventing premature germination and increasing the chances of successful establishment.
10) Factors affecting germination include water availability, oxygen availability, temperature, light, and the presence of germination inhibitors or promotors. Water and oxygen are needed for metabolic processes, temperature affects enzyme activity, light can stimulate or inhibit germination depending on the plant species, and certain chemicals can either promote or inhibit germination.
11) Primary growth refers to the growth of plant tissues in length, mainly occurring at the apical meristems (tips of roots and shoots). Secondary growth refers to the growth of plant tissues in girth, mainly occurring at the lateral meristems (vascular cambium and cork cambium). Primary growth results in the elongation of plant organs, while secondary growth results in the thickening of stems and roots.
1)Name the forces that maintain a transportational stream
2)Describe 4 environmental factors and 4 structural factors affecting the rate of transpiration
3)What is the strengthening tissue in;
a)cell wall
b)Xylem vessels
c)Tracheids
4)Give the function of the following;
a)Pith
b)Cambium
c)Cortex
5)Names two hormones that are responsible for;
a)Leaf fall
b)Parthenocarpy
c)Apical dominance
d)Breaks seed dormancy
6)Name 3 ways of naturally breaking seed dormancy
7)Name 5 causes is seemed dormancy
8)Name 5 ways of breaking seed dormancy
9)Why is seed dormancy important.
10)Give factors affecting germination and explain
11)Differentiate between secondary and primary growth.
1 answer
1 answer