1.How has geography shaped the history of Arabia and Iraq?
2.Why did Muslims split into Shia and Sunni groups?
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Muslim and Shia split into different parts because they disagreed in who should be the caliph, the religious leader
The geography shaped the history of Arabia and Iraq like the Mesopotamia, which means the fertile crescent. This created Sumer the earliest civilization with developed the world's first writing system. Also, this is a place where oil is produced, so although there's scarce water resource in the region, they can built desalination plants to desalinate water, which means to remove salt from seawater, and they can also buy pure water from other countries with there oil money
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