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You will then notice that your final units is KJ/(bond cm^2) You need to remove that bond unit so you must divide your final answer with the number of bonds present at the surface you wish to break / slip, and again that number of bonds is 2 !!!
First Consider the Lattice Type of Potassium , and that is BBC Then determine where the 110 "plane" is Now, if you can imagine the (110) position you can see that cutting the unit cell at that position will rapture two K-K bonds. Hence to know that surface
The principle behind this is to incorporate compressive stresses in the surface of your glass. When you immerse your glass into a molten salt, the positive ions of the molten salt will migrate into your glass. If the cation from the molten salt is greater
The second problem is common ion effect First see is the added ion concentration more than or less than your Cs. 0.1 seems to be >>>> than Cs so common ion will happen Ksp = Cs'(0.1)^2 = 0.01Cs' Hence Cs' = Ksp/0.01 Then just multiply by Molar weight again
This is simple Stoichiometry problem Write down PbI2 -> Pb2+ + 2I- Therefore Ksp = [Pb2+][I-]^2 From the stoich you can derive that Ksp = Cs(2Cs)^2 = 4Cs^3 Hence Cs = (Ksp/4) ^ 1/3 Then multiply the Molar Weight to get grams / Liter unit that you like
two orders of magnitude mean 10^2 = 100 so use the following ratio in the Arrhenius Equation for Enthalphy of vacancy ln(100) = Hv / R (1/T1 - 1/T2) Make sure that you use R = 8.314 J/molK T1 = lower temperature convert that to Kelvin T2 = higher
