The correct response is:
The business has federal tax exemptions.
A 501(c)(3) designation indicates that the organization is recognized by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) as a tax-exempt nonprofit entity, which means it does have federal tax exemptions. The other statements may not necessarily be true; for instance, not all 501(c)(3) organizations are public charities or private foundations, and they can earn profits as long as those profits are used for the organization's exempt purposes.