OB/GYN Clinic Brochure: Understanding Female Reproductive Conditions
Condition 1: Endometriosis
What is it? Endometriosis is a painful condition in which tissue similar to the lining inside the uterus, called endometrium, begins to grow outside the uterus.
Causes:
- Retrograde menstruation: Menstrual flow that moves backward through the fallopian tubes into the pelvic cavity.
- Immune system disorders: Issues that could prevent the body from recognizing endometrial-like tissue growing outside the uterus.
- Hormonal factors: Estrogen promotes endometrial tissue growth.
Signs and Symptoms:
- Pelvic pain, often associated with menstrual periods
- Pain during intercourse
- Pain with bowel movements or urination
- Excessive bleeding or spotting
- Infertility
Treatment Options:
- Pain medication (NSAIDs)
- Hormonal therapy (birth control pills, progestins)
- Laparoscopic surgery to remove endometriosis
- Fertility treatment if pregnancy is desired
Condition 2: Uterine Fibroid Tumors
What is it? Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths of the uterus that often appear during childbearing years.
Causes:
- Hormonal changes: Estrogen and progesterone may stimulate fibroid growth.
- Genetic alterations: Family history may increase risk.
- Other factors: Obesity and diet can also play a role.
Signs and Symptoms:
- Heavy menstrual bleeding
- Prolonged periods
- Pelvic pain or pressure
- Frequent urination
- Complications in pregnancy and labor
Treatment Options:
- Watchful waiting if symptoms are mild
- Medications to regulate hormones and alleviate symptoms
- Non-invasive procedures, like MRI-guided focused ultrasound
- Surgical options, including hysterectomy and myomectomy
Condition 3: Breast Cancer
What is it? Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that develops from cells in the breast. It can affect both women and men but is more common in females.
Causes:
- Genetic mutations (BRCA1 and BRCA2)
- Hormonal factors (increased estrogen exposure)
- Family history of breast cancer
Signs and Symptoms:
- A lump or mass in the breast or underarm area
- Changes in the shape or contour of the breast
- Unusual discharge from the nipple
- Skin changes, such as redness or swelling
Treatment Options:
- Surgery (lumpectomy or mastectomy)
- Radiation therapy
- Chemotherapy
- Hormonal therapy and targeted therapy
References:
- Mayo Clinic. (2023). "Endometriosis." Retrieved from Mayo Clinic website.
- Mayo Clinic. (2023). "Uterine Fibroids." Retrieved from Mayo Clinic website.
- American Cancer Society. (2023). "Breast Cancer." Retrieved from American Cancer Society website.
For further inquiries or treatment options, please contact our clinic. We're here to support your health and wellness.