Levers: Levers are simple machines consisting of a rigid bar or board that rotates around a fixed point called the fulcrum. They are used to transmit and amplify force or perform tasks with less effort. There are three types of levers: first-class lever (fulcrum between input force and output force), second-class lever (output force between fulcrum and input force), and third-class lever (input force between fulcrum and output force). Examples of levers include seesaws, scissors, and crowbars.
Mechanical advantage: Mechanical advantage is a measure of the amplification of force achieved by a machine. It is the ratio of the output force exerted by a machine to the input force applied to it. A machine with a high mechanical advantage requires less input force to do the same amount of work as a machine with a lower mechanical advantage. It is calculated by dividing the output force by the input force. Mechanical advantage allows us to accomplish tasks that would otherwise be difficult or impossible using only our own strength.
Velocity ratio: Velocity ratio is a measure of the speed advantage gained by a machine. It is the ratio of the distance an input force is applied to the distance an output force is moved. In other words, it compares the distance covered by the input force to the distance covered by the output force. The velocity ratio indicates how much faster an object can be moved by a machine compared to manually doing the task. It is calculated by dividing the distance moved by the output force by the distance moved by the input force.
Write short notes on the following terms
Levers
Mechanical advantage
Velocity ratio
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