W.E.B. Du Bois primarily disagreed with C. the idea that economic independence alone would lead to social change.
Booker T. Washington advocated for a focus on vocational training and economic self-sufficiency for Black Americans, believing that such economic independence would eventually lead to social acceptance and equality. In contrast, Du Bois argued that political rights, social equality, and higher education for the "Talented Tenth" of the African American population were essential for achieving true social change and equality.