The correct response is:
Colonizers challenged tribal sovereignty by stealing land and introducing diseases, plants, and animals that devastated Indigenous land and peoples.
This statement accurately reflects the historical context of colonization in the early United States, where Indigenous sovereignty was significantly undermined through land theft, the introduction of diseases to which Indigenous peoples had no immunity, and ecological disruptions caused by non-native plants and animals. The other statements misrepresent the nature of colonial relationships with Indigenous peoples.