Permanent settlements were generally considered to be more advanced than hunter-gatherer societies primarily because people were able to specialize in activities other than farming.
Here’s a more detailed explanation of the reasons:
-
Surplus Production: In permanent settlements, agriculture allowed for the production of surplus food, which supported larger populations and facilitated the development of complex societies.
-
Specialization: With a stable food supply and surplus, individuals could focus on specialized skills such as pottery, textile production, tool-making, trade, and administrative roles. This specialization contributed to technological advancement and cultural development.
-
Trade and Economy: Permanent communities often engaged in trade with other groups, further enhancing their economic complexity and interpersonal connections, which was less pronounced in hunter-gatherer societies.
-
Social Structures: The establishment of permanent sites led to more complex social hierarchies and institutions, contributing to the development of governance, religion, and social stratification.
While the other statements might contain elements of truth, they do not accurately capture the primary reason for the advancement of permanent settlements compared to hunter-gatherer societies. For example, improvements in farming were essential for supporting centralized populations, and while hunter-gatherers did trade, it was less extensive than in agricultural societies. Additionally, family size and labor distribution varied based on cultural practices and environmental conditions rather than a straightforward reduction in work due to settled agricultural life.
4 answers