Why was it difficult for large civilizations in mesoamerica and south america to hold together

Answer 1

There were several factors that made it difficult for large civilizations in Mesoamerica and South America to hold together.

1. Geographic and environmental challenges: The regions in Mesoamerica and South America are characterized by diverse landscapes with mountains, jungles, deserts, and rivers. These geographical barriers made communication and transportation between different regions difficult, impeding the central authority's control and coordination over a vast territory.

2. Ethnic and linguistic diversity: These regions had a high degree of ethnic and linguistic diversity. Different groups of people had their own languages, customs, and identities, which made it challenging to create a cohesive and unified state. It was difficult to impose a single political and cultural system on tribes and ethnic groups with diverse backgrounds, beliefs, and traditions.

3. Lack of efficient communication and infrastructure: The absence of advanced communication and transportation systems hindered governance and unity. Long distances, lack of roads, and limited means of communication made it difficult for rulers to exert their authority and enforce laws across their territories effectively.

4. Economic disparities: Large civilizations in Mesoamerica and South America had significant economic disparities, with some regions being more prosperous and resource-rich than others. This economic inequality often led to conflicts and tensions, as wealthier regions were reluctant to share their resources and power with less privileged areas.

5. Internal divisions and power struggles: Internal divisions, power struggles, and rivalries among different groups within large civilizations were common. Clashes between elites, local rulers, and nobility seeking more autonomy or power often destabilized these civilizations, leading to fragmentation and disintegration.

6. External threats: Large civilizations in Mesoamerica and South America faced external threats from nomadic tribes, neighboring states, or conquering empires. These external pressures posed challenges to maintaining stability and unity, as they often led to conflicts and territorial disputes that weakened the central authority's control over vast territories.

All these factors combined to create challenges in governing and maintaining unity within large civilizations in Mesoamerica and South America, making it difficult for them to hold together in the long term.