Why is it difficult to create a vaccine against a common cold?

Question

1. The viral genome mutates very quickly.
2. Vaccines are only effective against bacterial infections.
3. Vaccines are unnecessary because antibiotics are an effective treatment.
4. It is impossible to create a vaccine against illnesses cause by proviruses.

Answer 1

The correct reason why it is difficult to create a vaccine against a common cold is:

1. The viral genome mutates very quickly.

The common cold is primarily caused by rhinoviruses, which have a high mutation rate. This rapid mutation allows the virus to change its surface proteins frequently, making it challenging for the immune system to recognize and mount an effective response. As a result, a vaccine that works against one strain may not be effective against other strains that arise due to these mutations.

The other options provided are either incorrect or misleading: 2. Vaccines can be effective against both viral and bacterial infections. 3. Antibiotics are not effective against viral infections; they are used for bacterial infections, and vaccines can provide preventative measures against viral infections. 4. It is possible to create vaccines against viruses, including those caused by proviruses, although the challenges can vary based on the particular virus's characteristics.