1) The structure of graphite is very unlike any other substances. It is composed of sheets of carbon atoms, and each of these is bonded to only three other atoms. This leaves the fourth valence electron of the carbon atom delocalized, which means it is free to move between the different sheets, therefore carrying the electrical charge through the network of carbon atoms which makes up the structure of graphite.
2) Because it has a giant covalent structure. To break the structure, numerous very strong covalent bonds between carbon atoms must be broken.
Why is graphite such a good conductor of electricity?
Why is diamond the hardest naturally occurring substance?
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Two good answers to two difficult questions.
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