Why is carbon said to provide a “backbone” in many molecules?(1 point)

Question

Responses

Carbon atoms have full shells of electrons, allowing electrical signals to pass through them easily.
Carbon atoms have full shells of electrons, allowing electrical signals to pass through them easily.

Carbon atoms have long narrow shapes, allowing many other atoms to attach to them.
Carbon atoms have long narrow shapes, allowing many other atoms to attach to them.

Carbon atoms can form chains and branches with each other, and other atoms can attach to these.
Carbon atoms can form chains and branches with each other, and other atoms can attach to these.

Carbon atoms have half-full shells of electrons, allowing electrical signals to pass through them easily.
Carbon atoms have half-full shells of electrons, allowing electrical signals to pass through them easily.

Answer 1

The correct response is:

Carbon atoms can form chains and branches with each other, and other atoms can attach to these.

This ability of carbon to form stable chains and complex structures (due to its tetravalent nature) is why it is often referred to as providing a "backbone" in many organic molecules.

Answer 2

Which option describes the structure of the electron shells in a neutral carbon atom?(1 point)
Responses

The inner shell is incomplete with three electrons. The outer shell is incomplete with three electrons.
The inner shell is incomplete with three electrons. The outer shell is incomplete with three electrons.

The inner shell is complete with two electrons. The outer shell is incomplete with four electrons.
The inner shell is complete with two electrons. The outer shell is incomplete with four electrons.

The inner shell is complete with four electrons. The outer shell is incomplete with two electrons.
The inner shell is complete with four electrons. The outer shell is incomplete with two electrons.

The inner shell is complete with three electrons. The outer shell is incomplete with three electrons.

Answer 3

The correct response is:

The inner shell is complete with two electrons. The outer shell is incomplete with four electrons.

In a neutral carbon atom, the inner electron shell (1st shell) holds 2 electrons, and the outer electron shell (2nd shell) can hold up to 8 electrons but only contains 4 electrons in carbon.

Answer 4

Which type of bonds can carbon atoms form with other carbon atoms?(1 point)
Responses

single and double bonds
single and double bonds

single, double, and triple bonds
single, double, and triple bonds

double and triple bonds
double and triple bonds

double, triple, and quadruple bonds

Answer 5

The correct response is:

single, double, and triple bonds

Carbon atoms can form single bonds (sharing one pair of electrons), double bonds (sharing two pairs of electrons), and triple bonds (sharing three pairs of electrons) with other carbon atoms.

Answer 6

Which structure defines the sulfhydryl functional group?(1 point)
Responses

OH
OH

SOH
SOH

SH2
SH 2

SH

Answer 7

The correct response is:

SH

The sulfhydryl functional group is represented by the formula -SH, indicating a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom.

Answer 8

Use the diagram of the molecular structure of an amino acid to answer the question.

An illustration shows the structure of amino acid as C single bond C with functional groups NH2 and R attached to the first C atom and double bond O and single bond OH attached to the second C atom.

Which option explains why this amino acid can act as both an acid and a base?

(1 point)
Responses

It contains both an amino functional group and a carboxyl functional group. In a solution, the amino group can decrease acidity, while the carboxyl group can increase acidity.
It contains both an amino functional group and a carboxyl functional group. In a solution, the amino group can decrease acidity, while the carboxyl group can increase acidity.

It contains both an amino functional group and a carboxyl functional group. In a solution, the amino group can increase acidity, while the carboxyl group can decrease acidity.
It contains both an amino functional group and a carboxyl functional group. In a solution, the amino group can increase acidity, while the carboxyl group can decrease acidity.

It contains both an amino functional group and a methyl functional group. In a solution, the amino group can decrease acidity, while the methyl group can increase acidity.
It contains both an amino functional group and a methyl functional group. In a solution, the amino group can decrease acidity, while the methyl group can increase acidity.

It contains both an amino functional group and a methyl functional group. In a solution, the amino group can increase acidity, while the methyl group can decrease acidity.

Answer 9

The correct response is:

It contains both an amino functional group and a carboxyl functional group. In a solution, the amino group can decrease acidity, while the carboxyl group can increase acidity.

This explains why amino acids can act as both acids (due to the carboxyl group, which can donate a proton) and bases (due to the amino group, which can accept a proton).