Hot air rises from pavement on a hot summer day primarily due to convection.
Here's a brief explanation of how this works:
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Heating the Air: The pavement absorbs heat from the sun and warms up. The air in contact with the hot pavement also gets heated through conduction, where heat is transferred from the pavement to the air molecules.
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Less Dense Air: As the air heats up, it becomes less dense than the cooler air above it.
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Rising Air: This less dense, warm air rises because of buoyancy, leading to convection currents.
So, while conduction is involved in the initial heating of the air, it is convection that primarily causes the rising of hot air.
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