why do you think the deer population was only 4,00 in 1905 when the carrying capacity of the rangeland could support 30,000 deer or more. I don't understand why a population could be so far below the carrying capacity.

2 answers

The deer hadn't found this area?

Hunters had decimated the deer?

The carrying capacity just means the number that the area could support.
Was there competition for the food supply? Cattle?