why do atoms exchange or share electrons during bonding

Question

to become neutral
to have eight inner level electrons
to obtain a full outer electron shell
to attract an ion with the opposite charge

Answer 1

Atoms exchange or share electrons during bonding primarily to obtain a full outer electron shell. This is based on the octet rule, which states that atoms tend to pursue a stable configuration with eight electrons in their outermost shell (with some exceptions like hydrogen and helium, which seek two electrons). By sharing or transferring electrons through ionic or covalent bonding, atoms achieve this stable electron configuration, leading to more stable compounds.