why are there high stomata number present in olive trees along the elevation gradient and lower when in shade

Answer 1

The distribution of stomata on olive tree leaves is influenced by several factors, including environmental conditions such as light intensity, humidity, and temperature, as well as the tree's physiological needs for gas exchange and water regulation. In response to these factors, olive trees may adjust their stomatal density to optimize their performance and adapt to their specific ecological niches.

1. Light Intensity: Along an elevation gradient, light intensity generally decreases with increasing elevation. Olive trees at higher elevations may experience lower light intensity due to factors such as cloud cover or shading from surrounding vegetation. Under low light conditions, lower stomatal density helps to maximize the capture of available light, allowing efficient photosynthesis to take place.

2. Temperature and Water Regulation: At higher elevations, temperatures are often cooler and water availability may be limited due to factors such as increased cloud cover, lower precipitation, or reduced soil moisture retention. To reduce excessive water loss and maintain water balance, olive trees may have higher stomatal density, which allows for increased gas exchange efficiency while minimizing water vapor loss through transpiration.

3. Humidity: Humidity levels can vary along an elevation gradient and in shaded areas. In low-humidity environments, such as higher elevations or shaded areas, olive trees may have lower stomatal density to minimize water loss through transpiration and maintain water balance. This can prevent excessive evaporation and help conserve water resources.

Overall, the varying stomatal density in olive trees along an elevation gradient and in shaded areas can be seen as an adaptation strategy to optimize photosynthesis, water regulation, and gas exchange in response to the specific environmental conditions they encounter.