Poverty levels in much of South Asia can be attributed to a combination of the factors you've mentioned, but the primary reasons often include:
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High populations and low economic development: South Asia has some of the highest population densities in the world, which can place immense pressure on resources, infrastructure, and services. In many areas, economic development has not kept pace with population growth, leading to insufficient job opportunities and widespread poverty.
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Lack of natural and human resources: While South Asia is rich in certain resources, access to and management of these resources can be uneven. In some regions, poor infrastructure and governance hinder the effective use of these resources. Additionally, high levels of illiteracy and lack of skills can limit the potential of the human resource base.
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Ethnic tensions and civil war: Ethnic tensions, political instability, and civil conflicts in various parts of South Asia can disrupt economic activities, displace populations, and drain resources. This instability can hinder development efforts and exacerbate poverty.
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Outsourcing to other countries: While some economic sectors in South Asia benefit from outsourcing (especially in IT and textiles), this can also have adverse effects on local economies. Outsourcing often focuses on specific industries, which may not translate into broader economic growth or job creation for the wider population.
Overall, the interplay of these factors contributes to the persistent high levels of poverty in South Asia. Addressing poverty effectively requires a multifaceted approach that considers economic development, education, resource management, social cohesion, and more.