A hiatus hernia, specifically a sliding hiatus hernia, occurs when a portion of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm into the chest cavity. This can lead to a variety of symptoms, including difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) for several reasons:
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Structural Changes: The herniation can change the normal anatomy of the esophagus and stomach, potentially leading to narrowing or compression of the esophagus. This structural alteration can interfere with the smooth passage of food.
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Reflux Symptoms: Hiatus hernias are often associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Acid reflux can lead to inflammation of the esophagus (esophagitis), making it more sensitive and leading to discomfort or pain when swallowing.
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Esophageal Motility Issues: The presence of the hernia can affect the motility of the esophagus, which can alter the normal peristaltic movements needed to push food down to the stomach. This can result in the sensation of food being stuck.
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Pressure on Esophagus: The hernia may cause pressure on the esophagus itself, especially during eating or lying down, leading to swallowing difficulties.
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Nerve Impingement: In some cases, the herniated tissue can irritate or compress nearby nerves that control swallowing, which can lead to problems.
If a person experiences persistent difficulty swallowing along with other symptoms related to a hiatus hernia, they should consult a healthcare provider for a proper diagnosis and appropriate management.
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