Here are the correct answers to your questions:
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President Jackson's vice president that led the resistance to the Tariff of 1828 was John C. Calhoun.
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Based on the chart, westward expansion affected slavery in the United States between 1820 and 1850 by stating that The slave population roughly doubled as several new slave states were admitted to the Union.
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The Mexican Cession was a significant event because it intensified the debate over the expansion of slavery.
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John Calhoun reacted to the Tariff of 1828 by claiming that states had the right to cancel any federal law deemed unconstitutional.
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The economic success of the Erie Canal impacted westward expansion by creating more economic opportunities in the West due to the success of the canal system.