Egyptian society was traditionally led by a Pharaoh, who was considered both a political and a religious leader. The Pharaoh held absolute power over the nation and was viewed as a divine figure, often believed to be the intermediary between the gods and the people. The Pharaohs were responsible for law, order, and the welfare of the people. They oversaw monumental construction projects, such as temples and pyramids, and were involved in military campaigns.
In addition to the Pharaoh, a complex bureaucracy supported the administration of the country. This included officials, generals, priests, and scribes who helped manage everything from tax collection to religious ceremonies and agricultural production. The priests, in particular, held significant power and influence, especially within the temples that were centers of worship and economic activity.
Over time, the structure of governance evolved, especially during different periods of Egyptian history, such as the Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and New Kingdom, but the Pharaoh remained central to the identity and governance of ancient Egypt.