The Arab-Israeli conflict involves a complex array of stakeholders, including:
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Israeli Government: Various political leaders, institutions, and military organizations within Israel, including the Knesset (Israel's parliament) and the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF).
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Palestinian Authority (PA): The governing body established to represent Palestinians in the West Bank, with key figures including its president and government officials.
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Hamas: A Palestinian militant and political organization that governs the Gaza Strip and is involved in both governance and armed resistance against Israel.
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Arab States: Various countries in the Arab world, such as Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and Gulf states, which have been involved in the conflict politically and militarily at different times. Their roles have varied from direct military involvement to peace negotiation efforts.
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International Actors: Various countries and organizations, including the United States, the European Union, the United Nations, and Russia, which have participated in peace negotiations and diplomatic efforts.
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Israeli Settlers: Individuals and communities that move into territories occupied by Israel, influencing the dynamics of the conflict.
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Palestinian Civil Society: Various NGOs and grassroots movements that advocate for Palestinian rights and social justice.
The conflict's history involves numerous wars, peace processes, and attempts at negotiations. The situation is often characterized by deep historical grievances, differing national narratives, and ongoing territorial disputes.