Here are the answers to the questions you've listed:
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Who is Abraham?
- An important figure in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam
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Which text is considered the most important in Judaism?
- The Torah
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What is the special relationship between God and the Jewish people called?
- The Covenant
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What is the Christian belief in one God in three persons called?
- The Trinity
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How many followers does Christianity have approximately worldwide?
- 2.4 billion
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What was the religious make-up of Mecca's population in the 7th century AD?
- Mostly polytheistic with some Jews and Christians
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Who raised Muhammad after his mother's death?
- His grandfather
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What was the Hijra?
- The migration of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina
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What was the name of the powerful tribe that controlled the political and economic affairs of Mecca?
- Quraysh
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What was the Kaaba?
- A cube-shaped building that housed idols and was considered a sacred site by the polytheistic Meccans
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Which caliph conquered much of the Persian Empire and parts of the Byzantine Empire?
- Umar
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What type of institution did Muslim traders establish in new regions?
- Mosques
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What was one of the key military campaigns of the Umayyad caliphate?
- The conquest of the Sassanid Empire
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What was the Silk Road?
- A network of trade routes connecting China, Central Asia, and the Middle East
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What was the significance of Islamic schools, or madrasas, established by Muslim traders?
- They provided education in Islamic theology, law, and other subjects, and helped to spread the religion to new generations of students.
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What was the result of the Battle of the Zab?
- The Abbasids were victorious.
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What was the House of Wisdom?
- A center for scientific and philosophical inquiry.
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What was the main reason for the emergence of the Abbasid Caliphate?
- Widespread dissatisfaction with the Umayyad dynasty
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What was one of the most significant contributions of the Islamic Renaissance?
- The translation of ancient Greek and Roman works into Arabic
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What was the attitude towards people of different religions and cultures during the Islamic Renaissance?
- Openness and tolerance
Feel free to ask if you need any further assistance!