In ancient Egypt, the pharaoh was supported by various groups and individuals who helped govern the land and manage its resources. Key roles that helped the pharaoh include:
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Viziers: The vizier was the highest official in ancient Egypt, serving directly under the pharaoh. They were responsible for overseeing the administration of the government, implementing laws, and managing the bureaucracy.
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Bureaucrats: These officials were responsible for keeping records, collecting taxes, and handling administrative tasks. They played a crucial role in ensuring the efficient operation of the state.
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Scribes: Scribes were educated individuals who could read and write. They kept records of agricultural production, taxes, and various administrative activities, which were essential for the functioning of the bureaucracy.
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Farmers: Farmers produced the food needed to sustain the population and the workforce. While their primary role was agricultural, they also participated in building projects as laborers during off-seasons when the Nile flooded their fields.
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Laborers: People who worked on the construction of monumental buildings, temples, and tombs. Many would work as part of a corvée system, where they provided labor as a form of tax payment or service to the state.
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Priests: While primarily responsible for religious activities, priests also played a role in advising the pharaoh and influencing governance as religion was tightly interwoven with state control.
In summary, the governance in ancient Egypt involved a complex system where various roles worked together to support the pharaoh in maintaining power, managing resources, and overseeing construction projects, including the instruction of beliefs and practices.