In formal writing, the use of informal language is generally discouraged. However, there are some instances where informal language can be acceptable if it is appropriately contextualized or written out. Among the options you've provided, "personal pronouns" is the type of language that can sometimes be used in formal writing.
For example, using "I" or "we" can be appropriate in some types of formal writing, such as personal statements or reflective essays, where the author's personal perspective is relevant.
The other categories—slang and colloquialisms; overly descriptive words and phrases; and shorthand numbers and dates—typically do not have a place in formal writing.