Which type of energy transfer can take place without matter present?

Answer 1

The type of energy transfer that can take place without matter present is radiation. Radiation is the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves, which can travel through the vacuum of space. Examples of radiation include sunlight and heat energy emitted by a hot object. Unlike conduction and convection, which require a medium (solid, liquid, or gas) to transfer heat, radiation can occur in a vacuum, allowing energy to travel through empty space.