Which theory emphasized thinking as if one were someone else, or everyone else?

Question

a. virtue ethics
b. egoism
c. utilitarianism
d. Kantism (deontology)
e. contractarianism

Thanks for your help!

Answer 1

None of the above, without modification. I am wondering if the answer should not be "moral utilitarianism". I am reminded of Oliver North's justification for lying to Congress.
http://www.scu.edu/ethics/practicing/decision/calculating.html