Which term describes the degree to which an element attracts electrons?

Question

View Available Hint(s)for Part A

Reduction.
Electronegativity.
Oxidation.
Polarity.
Part B
Which terms describe two atoms when they form a bond in which electrons are completely transferred from one atom to the other?
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Ionic and covalent.
Polar and nonpolar.
Proton and electron.
Anion and cation.
Part C
Which of the following statements is true of the bonds in a water molecule?
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Oxygen acts as the electron acceptor and is oxidized.
The electron in each hydrogen atom is completely transferred to the oxygen atom, and each hydrogen atom has a net charge of +1.
Oxygen holds electrons more tightly than hydrogen does, and the net charge is zero.
There is equal sharing of the electrons between the oxygen atom and the two hydrogen atoms, and the net charge is zero.
Part D
Which of the following statements is not true of most cellular redox reactions?
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Changes in potential energy can be released as heat.
A hydrogen atom is transferred to the atom that loses an electron.
The reactant that is oxidized loses electrons.
The electron acceptor is reduced.
Part E
What kind of bond is formed when lithium and fluorine combine to form lithium fluoride?
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Ionic.
Polar covalent.
Nonpolar covalent.
Redox.
Part F
Gaseous hydrogen burns in the presence of oxygen to form water:

2H2 + O2 → 2H2 O + energy

Which molecule is oxidized and what kind of bond is formed?
View Available Hint(s)for Part F

Oxygen, polar.
Hydrogen, nonpolar.
Hydrogen, polar.
Oxygen, nonpolar.

Answer 1

Part A

Electronegativity.
Electronegativity describes the degree to which an element attracts electrons.

Part B

Anion and cation.
When two atoms form a bond with a complete transfer of electrons from one atom to the other, one atom becomes an anion (negatively charged) and the other becomes a cation (positively charged).

Part C

Oxygen holds electrons more tightly than hydrogen does, and the net charge is zero.
In a water molecule (H₂O), the oxygen atom's higher electronegativity means it holds the shared electrons more tightly than the hydrogen atoms, but the overall charge of the molecule remains neutral.

Part D

A hydrogen atom is transferred to the atom that loses an electron.
This statement is not true of most cellular redox reactions, as they typically involve the transfer of electrons rather than entire hydrogen atoms.

Part E

Ionic.
Lithium and fluorine combine to form lithium fluoride through an ionic bond due to the transfer of electrons.

Part F

Hydrogen, polar.
In the reaction, hydrogen is oxidized (it loses electrons), and the resulting water molecule has polar covalent bonds due to the difference in electronegativity between hydrogen and oxygen.