To correctly match the scenarios to the type of succession, it's important to understand the definitions of primary and secondary succession:
- Primary Succession occurs in lifeless areas where soil has not yet formed (e.g., after a volcanic eruption that creates new land, or when a glacier retreats).
- Secondary Succession occurs in areas where a disturbance has destroyed an existing ecosystem, but soil and some organisms still remain (e.g., after a wildfire, hurricane, or flood).
Based on these definitions, let's analyze each scenario from the provided tables:
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A wildfire burns down a forest - This leads to secondary succession because the soil and some seeds may still be present.
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A glacier retreats to expose rock - This leads to primary succession, as it creates a new area without existing soil.
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A volcano erupts and creates an island - This leads to primary succession as it creates a new land surface with no soil.
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A hurricane causes a flood - This typically leads to secondary succession, as it disturbs an existing ecosystem but usually leaves soil and other organisms intact.
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An earthquake causes a landslide - This generally leads to secondary succession, as the area may be disturbed but soil remains.
Now, let’s evaluate each table:
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Table A:
- Wildfire: Secondary
- Glacier retreat: Primary (Correct)
- Volcano: Secondary (Incorrect)
- Hurricane: Primary (Incorrect)
- Earthquake: Primary (Incorrect)
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Table B:
- Wildfire: Secondary (Correct)
- Glacier retreat: Primary (Correct)
- Volcano: Secondary (Incorrect)
- Hurricane: Primary (Incorrect)
- Earthquake: Secondary (Incorrect)
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Table C:
- Wildfire: Primary (Incorrect)
- Glacier retreat: Secondary (Incorrect)
- Volcano: Secondary (Incorrect)
- Hurricane: Secondary (Incorrect)
- Earthquake: Primary (Correct)
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Table D:
- Wildfire: Secondary (Correct)
- Glacier retreat: Primary (Correct)
- Volcano: Primary (Incorrect)
- Hurricane: Secondary (Correct)
- Earthquake: Secondary (Incorrect)
The correct matching would be as follows:
- A wildfire burns down a forest: Secondary
- A glacier retreats to expose rock: Primary
- A volcano erupts and creates an island: Primary
- A hurricane causes a flood: Secondary
- An earthquake causes a landslide: Secondary
None of the tables perfectly match the correct pairings, but if we were to create a revised table it should look like this:
Revised Table:
| Scenario | Type of Succession | |-------------------------------------------------|--------------------| | A wildfire burns down a forest | Secondary | | A glacier retreats to expose rock | Primary | | A volcano erupts and creates an island | Primary | | A hurricane causes a flood | Secondary | | An earthquake causes a landslide | Secondary |
If forced to choose from the provided options with the least errors, Table B is closest, but it has an error regarding the volcano and hurricane scenarios. It is recommended to consider none of the tables are completely accurate.