To determine the correct matches between the scenarios and the types of succession, we need to understand the difference between primary and secondary succession:
- Primary succession occurs in environments where there is no soil present (e.g., after a volcanic eruption that creates new land, or when glaciers retreat and expose bare rock).
- Secondary succession occurs in environments where a disturbance has destroyed a community but left the soil intact (e.g., after a wildfire or flood).
Now let's analyze each scenario:
- A wildfire burns down a forest - This scenario is secondary succession because soil remains.
- A glacier retreats to expose rock - This scenario is primary succession because it starts from bare rock with no soil.
- A volcano erupts and creates an island - This is primary succession because new land is formed from lava, starting with bare rock.
- A hurricane causes a flood - This typically results in secondary succession as it usually affects existing soil and plants but does not strip the area of soil.
- An earthquake causes a landslide - This can be considered secondary succession if soil remains but vegetation is disturbed.
Given this understanding, let's check against the provided options:
A.
- Wildfire: Secondary (correct)
- Glacier retreat: Primary (correct)
- Volcano: Secondary (incorrect, should be primary)
- Hurricane: Primary (incorrect, should be secondary)
- Landslide: Primary (incorrect, should be secondary)
B.
- Wildfire: Secondary (correct)
- Glacier retreat: Primary (correct)
- Volcano: Secondary (incorrect, should be primary)
- Hurricane: Primary (incorrect, should be secondary)
- Landslide: Secondary (incorrect, should be primary)
C.
- Wildfire: Primary (incorrect, should be secondary)
- Glacier retreat: Secondary (incorrect, should be primary)
- Volcano: Secondary (incorrect, should be primary)
- Hurricane: Secondary (incorrect, should be primary)
- Landslide: Primary (incorrect, should be secondary)
D.
- Wildfire: Secondary (correct)
- Glacier retreat: Primary (correct)
- Volcano: Primary (correct)
- Hurricane: Secondary (correct)
- Landslide: Secondary (incorrect, should be primary)
Based on this analysis, none of the options match correctly with all scenarios given the rules of primary and secondary succession. The closest analysis provided is option A, but it still contains misinformation regarding the volcano and hurricane scenarios. Thus, consider this review if finalized accuracy is required.