The statement that most accurately describes the role of key individuals in the rise and spread of Islam is:
Muhammad was the leader and founder of Islam in its origin, the companions spread the religion, and the first four caliphs expanded the Islamic Empire after Muhammad’s death.
This statement correctly acknowledges Muhammad's foundational role, the important influence of his companions (the Aṣḥāb), and the significant impact of the first four caliphs (Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali) in the expansion of the Islamic Empire following Muhammad's passing.