The statement that accurately describes how the understanding of the Doppler effect is applied to the study of galaxies is:
It was used by Hubble to measure the velocities of galaxies.
In this context, Edwin Hubble used the Doppler effect, particularly the redshift of light from galaxies moving away from us, to determine their velocities and ultimately support the theory of an expanding universe. Redshift indicates that a galaxy is moving away from Earth, while blueshift indicates a galaxy moving toward Earth. However, the phrasing of "red shift" and "blue shift" needs to be clear that redshift indicates recession (moving away) and is the predominant observation made by Hubble regarding distant galaxies.
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