The region with the largest population of enslaved labor historically was the American South, particularly during the 18th and 19th centuries. This area relied heavily on enslaved African labor for the cultivation of cash crops such as cotton, tobacco, and sugar. By the time of the Civil War in the 1860s, it is estimated that there were about 4 million enslaved individuals in the United States, the majority of whom lived in Southern states like Virginia, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi.
Globally, other regions with significant populations of enslaved labor included the Caribbean, particularly in places like Saint-Domingue (now Haiti), and Brazil, where similar agricultural economies thrived.
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