Which reaction are anti-Markovnikov vs Markovnikov?

Answer 1

The reaction that is anti-Markovnikov is when the addition of a hydrogen halide (HX) occurs, and the halogen (X) attaches to the carbon atom that already contains fewer hydrogen atoms. In simple terms, the halogen is added to the less substituted carbon.

On the other hand, the Markovnikov's rule states that in the addition of a hydrogen halide to an unsymmetrical alkene, the hydrogen atom attaches to the carbon atom that already contains more hydrogen atoms. In this case, the hydrogen is added to the more substituted carbon.